What it is
The PEG ratio takes the P/E and divides it by the company's expected earnings-growth rate (in percent). A high P/E paired with very fast growth can look "cheap" on PEG; a low P/E with no growth might look "expensive".
A PEG of 1.0 is often informally described as "fairly priced relative to growth", but the heuristic isn't universal — it depends on what discount rate you'd apply.
A caveat
PEG depends entirely on the growth rate you plug in. Different analysts use different forecast windows (1-year forward, 3-year average, 5-year). Comparing two PEGs requires comparing on the same basis.